Capacitors are components that store electricity and electrical energy (potential energy). A conductor surrounded by another conductor, or a conductor system in which the electric field lines emitted by one conductor all terminate in another conductor, is called a capacitor.
The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is given by
Where, UA-UB is the potential difference between the two parallel plates, εr is the relative permittivity, k is the electrostatic force constant, S is the area directly opposite the two plates, and d is the distance between the two plates. Note: The electric field in a parallel plate capacitor is a uniform electric field.
Capacitance is different from capacitor. Capacitance is a basic physical quantity, symbol C, and unit F (Farad).
The general formula C = Q/U, the special formula for parallel plate capacitors: the electric field strength between the plates E = U/d.
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